Given the severe negative environmental effects of (particularly large scale) agricultural investments, climate change and biodiversity loss in many LDC's the Dutch government (both NL MoFA and the LNV-component in the Ministry of Economic Affairs), environmental organizations such as the Dutch branches of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as well as institutions such as the Wageningen University and the Initiative for Sustainable Trade (IDH) started to support multi-stakeholder landscape development processes. These are mainly aimed at preventing deforestation, erosion, soil degradation, excessive water use leading to falling groundwater levels, water pollution and to adapt to climate change effects and conserve or restore damaged ecosystems. In the process, these programs often lead to changes in agricultural practices and can play a role in preventing conflicts around (access to) natural resources. The IDH Landscape program works with (mainly large) companies whereas Dutch sponsored environmental organizations usually work from a nature conservation angle but often also engage with famers and companies involved in agriculture. In all landscape development programs spatial planning is a major component and, in several areas, there is also a focus on landscape restoration. From the perspective of agricultural development and food security, landscape approaches contribute towards sustainability and ideally strengthen the longer term capabilities of farmers and rural population to feed themselves and derive income from their endeavours in the rural space